Abdominal Surgery in Crohn's Disease: Risk Factors for Complications.

INTRODUCTION: Abdominal surgery in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) is challenging, especially in the biologic era. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with increased risk for postoperative complications in CD. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted with consecutive patients who underwent abdominal surgery for CD from January 2012 to January 2018. RESULTS: Of 103 patients, 32% had postoperative complications. Gender, age, disease location and phenotype, hemoglobin and albumin levels, previous abdominal surgery, and preoperative optimization did not differ between the groups with or without complications. Thirty-five percent of the patients were under anti-TNF therapy, and this medication was not associated with increased risk for postoperative complications. Time since the onset of the disease was significantly higher in patients with complications (12.9 vs. 9.4, p = 0.04). In multivariate analysis, creation of ostomy and urgent surgery were the only variables independently associated with increased risk for complications (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.12-9.46 and OR 2.94, 95% CI 0.98-9.09, respectively). CONCLUSION: Urgent surgery for CD should preferably be performed in specialized centers, and creation of stoma is not necessarily associated with lower rate of postoperative complications but rather less severe complications.

Mucinous adenocarcinona of the appendix.

Diagnosis of malignancy in the vermiform appendix is quite rare. The most common histological malignant neoplasia found in this tiny portion of the gastrointestinal tract is represented by the mucinous adenocarcinoma. This entity predominates in males around 50 years of age, and clinical presentation usually mimics or occurs along with an acute appendicitis. Early diagnosis is outside the rule since most cases at this stage are symptomless. The authors present the case of a 59-year-old female patient who looked for medical attention complaining of abdominal pain. Physical examination and laboratory workup were poor in diagnostic findings. The computed tomography images were compatible with the diagnosis of appendicitis and/or appendiceal neoplasia. The patient underwent a laparotomy and right hemicolectomy. The histological examination disclosed a moderately differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix stage T4a, N0, M0. The patient outcome was uneventful and was referred to an oncological center.

Ressecções eletiva e de urgência para tratamento de neoplasia maligna do cólon em hospital universitário: estudo de 66 casos / Elective and urgency resections for the treatment of colon neoplasm in University Hospital: study of 66 cases

O câncer de cólon é uma doença de alta prevalência e mortalidade, cujo tratamento baseia-se na ressecção cirúrgica. A possibilidade de cura aumenta com o diagnóstico precoce, daí a importância dos programas de rastreamento populacional do câncer colorretal. O presente estudo analisou, retrospectivamente, 66 pacientes submetidos a ressecções do cólon por neoplasia em um período de 58 meses no Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1, submetidos a cirurgia eletiva (28 pacientes), e grupo 2, submetidos a cirurgia de urgência (38 pacientes). Os grupos foram comparados com relação às variáveis sexo, idade, apresentação clínica, aspectos da técnica cirúrgica, sítio anatômico da lesão, estádio patológico, taxas de complicações, permanência hospitalar pós-operatória e óbitos na internação. Verificou-se no presente estudo que a idade entre os grupos foi semelhante. Houve uma predominância do sexo masculino entre os pacientes operados de urgência. No grupo de cirurgia eletiva, o principal sintoma foi a hematoquezia, enquanto os operados na urgência, tinham como principal queixa dor abdominal. A grande maioria dos pacientes, no momento da cirurgia, apresentava-se sintomática há meses. Os pacientes operados na urgência apresentaram mais tumores pT4 e os operados eletivamente apresentaram mais neoplasias em estádio I. Em ambos os grupos, o caráter oncológico dos procedimentos foi preservado, bem como foi alto o índice de anastomoses primárias (81,8 por cento). As taxas de complicações pós-operatórias, o tempo de permanência hospitalar pós-operatório e a mortalidade foram semelhantes.

Colon cancer is a disease with high frequency and mortality rates, which treatment is based, fundamentally, on surgical resection. Because early diagnosis increases the curability, it is essential to have a screening programs offering early treatment. A retrospective study was performed, including 66 patients who underwent colonic resections due to cancer, for 58 months at Hospital Universitario of Universidade de São Paulo. These patients were divided in two groups, group 1, submitted to elective surgery (28 patients), and group 2, submitted to emergency surgery (38 patients). The groups were comparable for gender, age, clinical presentation, surgical procedure techniques, tumor distribution, TNM stage, morbidity, postoperative hospital stay and postoperative mortality. No difference was observed in patients’age. Males were predominant in the urgency surgery group. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding was the main symptom in the elective group, whereas abdominal pain was the main symptom in the urgency group. Mostly of the patients were having symptoms for months at the time of surgery. Urgency group patients presented more pT4 tumors, and elective group patients presented more stage I cancer. In both groups the oncologic approach was achieved, as well as primary anastomosis rates (81.8 percent). No differences in average hospital stay, hospital morbidity or postoperative mortality were recorded.

Linfoma ileal primário como uma causa de intussuscepção ileocecal recorrente / Primary ileal lymphoma as a cause of recurrent ileocecal

INTRODUÇÃO: A intussuscepção ocorre quando um segmento proximal do intestino invagina para dentro do lúmen do segmento distal adjacente. Esta patologia é relativamente comum em crianças, sendo geralmente idiopática, diferentemente do que é evidenciado em adolescentes e adultos, os quais apresentam uma causa orgânica comprovada na maioria dos casos. O linfoma intestinal como etiologia desta patologia é extremamente raro. RELATO DE CASO: Um paciente de 16 anos, masculino, referindo dor abdominal em quadrante inferior direito há 36 horas associada a vômitos e fezes com sangue vivo compareceu em nosso serviço. O exame físico se apresentava dentro da normalidade exceto por uma massa palpável no quadrante inferior direito. A ultra-sonografia abdominal revelou intussuscepção ileocecal. A colonoscopia demonstrou uma massa protuberante proveniente do orifício da válvula ileocecal que foi reduzida, tendo o paciente um alívio completo dos sintomas. Três semanas após, o paciente retornou ao nosso hospital com recorrência dos sintomas. Uma laparotomia exploradora foi realizada evidenciando uma massa polipóide no íleo terminal com intussuscepção para dentro do ceco. Uma colectomia direita ampliada foi realizada. Após exame patológico da peça e estadiamento tumoral, um linfoma de Burkitt primário foi diagnosticado. A recuperação pós-operatória não apresentou intercorrências e o paciente foi encaminhado para quimioterapia adjuvante.

INTRODUCTION: Intussusception occurs when a proximal segment of bowel telescopes into the lumen of the adjacent distal segment. It is common in children being usually idiophatic, in contrast to adolescents and adults, who have a demonstrable etiology in most cases. Intestinal lymphoma is an unusual cause of intussusception in adolescents and adults. CASE REPORT: A 16 year-old male presented with right lower quadrant abdominal pain lasting for 36 hours, with vomiting and bloody stool. Physical examination was unremarkable except for a palpable mass at the right lower quadrant. Abdominal sonography revealed ileocecal intussusception. Colonoscopy showed a protruding mass from the orifice of ileocecal valve which was reduced, and the patient had full withdrawal of symptoms. Three weeks later, the patient came back to our hospital with recurrent symptoms. Laparotomy was performed and a polypoid mass was noted at the terminal ileum with intussusception into the cecum. A right hemicolectomy was performed. After pathologic examination and tumor staging, a primary Burkitt lymphoma of the distal ileum was diagnosed. Postoperative convalescence was uneventful and the patient was referred to adjuvant chemotherapy.

Concurrent development of Crohn disease and myelodysplastic syndrome in a child: case report and literature review.

A small number of cases of Crohn disease associated with myelodysplastic syndromes or leukemia have been reported in adults in the last 25 years in the English-language medical literature. The authors report a case of a 9-year-old boy who developed Crohn disease and myelodysplastic syndrome concurrently. Analysis of his bone marrow showed a chromosome 20 abnormality. Although chromosome 20 abnormalities have been reported in a minority of these patients, the significance of this association remains unclear at the present time.

Effects of enalaprilat on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and on renal function during CO2 pneumoperitoneum.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mechanical and hormonal factors have been implicated in pneumoperitoneum-induced renal alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of enalaprilat (Vasotec) administration on renal function during CO2 pneumoperitoneum, given that this drug, which is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, alters hormone-induced changes during pneumoperitoneum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty adult dogs were randomly assigned to one of three groups (N = 10 each): group A (pneumoperitoneum not performed); group B (CO2 + enalaprilat); group C CO2 only. The groups were analyzed with consideration for body weight, hematologic values, hemodynamic parameters, and renal function (plasma renin activity, urinary debt, creatinine clearance, and sodium-excretory fraction). RESULTS: Hemodynamic and acid-basic parameter differences did not influence renal function. Plasma renin activity decreased significantly in group B compared with group C and stayed close to the values in group A. Creatinine clearance remained constant in group B, while in group C, creatinine clearance dropped, and this difference was statistically significant. Urinary debt and sodium-excretory fraction increased in group B during pneumoperitoneum and 60 minutes after this period in comparison with the other groups without reaching statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The decline in urinary debt and in creatinine clearance observed during pneumoperitoneum was less accentuated with administration of enalaprilat.

Efeitos do enalaprilato sobre o sistemaa renina-angiotensina-aldosterona e a função renal durante o pneumoperitônio com gás carbônico / The effects of enalapprilat administration on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and on renal function during the CO2 pneumoperitoneum

Este estudo tem por objetivo demonstrar os efeitos do enalaprilato, uma droga bloqueadora do sistema renina angiotensina aldosterona na função renal durante o pneumoperitônio com gás carbônico. Trinta cães adultos foram divididos em três grupos: Grupo A-controle sem pneumoperitônio, grupo B- CO2 + enalaprilato e grupo C- CO2. Observou-se que, houve queda significativa da atividade plasmática de renina no grupo B em relação ao grupo C / The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effects of enalaprilat administration on renal function during the CO2 pneumoperitoneum. Thirty adult dogs were randomized into one of three groups (n=10 animals each): Group A-pneumoperitoneum not performed; group B- CO2 + enalaprilat and group C- CO2. With enalaprilat administration, we concluded that: Serum renin activity dropped significantly in group B) when compared to group C. Creatinine clearance remained constant in group B as in group A; therefore, enalaprilat prevented this parameter fall which occurred in group C The blockade in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system caused an increase of urinary debt and a better sodium excretory fraction in group B compared to group C, although it did not reach statistical difference...

Stapled hemorrhoidectomy for the treatment of hemorrhoids.

BACKGROUND: The use of circular staplers in the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease is known as a simple procedure, with low morbidity, less post-treatment pain and with the same efficacy when compared to the classical hemorrhoidectomy. AIM: Analyze the operative technique, intra-operative and immediate postoperative complications and late results in 100 patients treated for hemorrhoid disease by stapling technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The group included 53 males and 47 females with mean age of 49.8 years, operated during the period June 2000 to June 2002 in the "Hospital Universitário" (São Paulo University Hospital) and "Hospital Sírio Libanês", in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. RESULTS: The majority of patients (78%) were discharged on the first post-operative day. Eight patients required supplementary analgesia and were given intramuscular diclofenac sodium and four of them received intramuscular tramadol. One intraoperative complication was bleeding which was difficult to control and required a blood transfusion. One patient was reoperated on the first postoperative day due to intermittent and persistent bleeding, however without hemodynamic changes or a drop in hematocrit. Two patients presented hemorrhoidal thrombosis in the early postoperative stage. The postoperative follow-up displayed: recurrence of prolapse, five cases (5%); anal sub-stenosis, two cases (2%); anal fissure, one case (1%); persistent pain, two cases (2%). Seven reoperations were performed: one due to bleeding, one due to sub-stenosis and five due to recurrence of hemorrhoidal prolapse and persistence of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Stapling is simple to accomplish, has low postoperative pain and rate of complications, however, the incidence of late reoperations is rather high and therefore major follow-up for better analysis is required.

Stapled hemorrhoidectomy for the treatment of hemorrhoids

BACKGROUND: The use of circular staplers in the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease is known as a simple procedure, with low morbidity, less post-treatment pain and with the same efficacy when compared to the classical hemorrhoidectomy. AIM: Analyze the operative technique, intra-operative and immediate postoperative complications and late results in 100 patients treated for hemorrhoid disease by stapling technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The group included 53 males and 47 females with mean age of 49.8 years, operated during the period June 2000 to June 2002 in the "Hospital Universitário" (São Paulo University Hospital) and "Hospital Sírio Libanês", in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. RESULTS: The majority of patients (78 percent) were discharged on the first post-operative day. Eight patients required supplementary analgesia and were given intramuscular diclofenac sodium and four of them received intramuscular tramadol. One intraoperative complication was bleeding which was difficult to control and required a blood transfusion. One patient was reoperated on the first postoperative day due to intermittent and persistent bleeding, however without hemodynamic changes or a drop in hematocrit. Two patients presented hemorrhoidal thrombosis in the early postoperative stage. The postoperative follow-up displayed: recurrence of prolapse, five cases (5 percent); anal sub-stenosis, two cases (2 percent); anal fissure, one case (1 percent); persistent pain, two cases (2 percent). Seven reoperations were performed: one due to bleeding, one due to sub-stenosis and five due to recurrence of hemorrhoidal prolapse and persistence of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Stapling is simple to accomplish, has low postoperative pain and rate of complications, however, the incidence of late reoperations is rather high and therefore major follow-up for better analysis is required.

Polypectomies: colonic endoscopic resections

The authors present their experience with 924 colonoscopic polypectomies in 549 patients. Postpolypectomy bleeding was 0.36 per cent without perforations. Complications associated with the procedure are analyzed; evaluating the risk, diagnosis and treatment based on a survey of the literature and personal experience.

Diagnostic colonoscopy

Colonoscopy is employed in prevention, diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of colorectal diseases. The technological advancement of colonoscopes and supplementary equipment, has broadened indications for colonoscopy. However, since it is an invasive method with potential complications and hazards it should be performed by specialists capable of preventing, recognizing and treating them. The authors report their personal experience with 1,234 colonoscopies. The most frequent indications were changes in bowel habits and rectal bleeding in 35.1 per cent and 30.5 per cent cases respectively. The patients were given 10 per cent mannitol for bowel cleansing and inadequate bowel cleansing in only 15 (1.2 per cent) so that the colonoscopy could not be completed. The overall incidence of perforation was 0.16 per cent. Three hundred and one polypectomies were performed and two cases (0.75 per cent) of bleeding were noted.

Apendicite aguda associada à tuberculose pulmonar: relato de caso / acute appendicitis associated to pulmonary tuberculosis: case report

Paciente internada para tratamento de tuberculose pulmonar apresentou quadro de abdome agudo inflamatório.Aventou-se a possibilidade de se tratar de uma extensão do quadro pulmonar. Foi submetida à laparotomia exploradora com ressecção de apêndicite cecal. O exame anátomo-patológico demonstrou-se tratar de apendicite aguda. Em todo material ressecado da cavidade abdominal foi pesquisado BAAR cujo resultado foi negativo. A paciente evolui bem dos quadros abdominal e respiratório. Baseados numa revisão da literatura, os autores relatam a incidência da tuberculose no sistema digestivo, em especial na região íleo-cecal e discutem a metodologia diagnóstica (au)

Genetics and colorectal cancer (HNPCC) in adolescence: a case report

Os autores relatam um caso de cancer do colon em uma doente com 17 anos de idade sem polipose ou historia familiar previa. Por tratar-se do primeiro caso desta familia, foi aventada a hipotese de um caso de HNPCC. A reacao da cadeia de polimerase (PCR) do tumor demonstrou alteracoes em quatro regioes polimorficas. A analise de duas destas regioes revelou a perda de material genetico evidenciando-se a presenca de instabilidade, sugerindo HNPCC. Submetida a ileo-retoanastomose e quimioterapia adjuvante com boa evolucao. Os autores discutem a importancia da historia familiar, do estudo genetico, da imuno-histoquimica e da instabilidade de microssatelites em pacientes jovens com cancer colorretal

Tumor carcinoide de ducto biliar comum: relato de um caso / Carcinoid tumors, common hepatic duct: report of a case

Os autores relatam um caso incomum na literatura de tumor carcinoide de via biliar comum, localizado na bifurcacao dos ductos hepaticos. O tumor foi ressecado cirurgicamente com reconstrucao da via biliar a Y de Roux. A paciente apresentou boa evolucao sem lesoes residuais nos exames ate o sexto mes de pos operatorio. Os autores discutem o diagnostico, tratamento e prognostico. E realizada a revisao e discussao da literatura